The ‘Automated Versatile Modular Reactor’: construction and use

The ‘Automated Versatile Modular Reactor’: construction and use

Automation of discontinuous elementary operations specific to organic chemistry on a laboratory scale was developed as early as 1970 by the Roussel UclafCompany [1]. A modular system was chosen, because of the diversity of possible operations. Each module governs a simple operation: measuring and comparing a temperature, controlling a pump, etc. These elements communicate with one another throu...

Automated medium–pressure modular liquid–gas reactor

This paper describes an automated reactor in which reactions can be carried out using at least one gaseous reagent and one liquid reagent at a pressure ofup to 5 bar. The reactor was used to produce a hydrogenation reaction, in which system all operations, i.e. introduction of liquids and gases, control and regulation of pressure, temperature and volume of gases introduced and finally draining ...

construction and validation of the translation teacher competency test and the scale of students’ perceptions of translation teachers

the major purpose of this study was to develop the translation teacher competency test (ttct) and examine its construct and predictive validity. the present study was conducted in two phases: a qualitative phase as well as a quantitative phase. in the first phase of the study, the author attempted to find out the major areas of competency required for an academic translation teacher. the second...

The Gas-turbine Modular Helium Reactor

The Pebble-Bed Modular Reactor: Safety Issues

The Bush Administration has made the expansion of nuclear power generation a centerpiece of its domestic energy policy. However, the White House has not addressed the practical issue of how to overcome the nearly three-decade-long aversion among U.S. electric utilities to investing in new nuclear plants. In today's deregulating market, utilities will not build new nuclear power plants unless th...